We identified 12 key Bacteroidetes species that were significantly correlated with UC activity, as well as the expression of five genes involved in UC pathogenesis in colonic biopsy specimens. We compared composition of intestinal Bacteroidetes species between healthy controls and patients with UC, evaluated the correlation between Bacteroidetes species components and metrics of UC activity, and performed a multiplex gene expression assay to analyze the correlation between the intestinal mucosa of patients with UC and gene expression in Bacteroidetes species. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential of Bacteroidetes species as a biomarker of UC. Intestinal Bacteroides species have developed a commensal colonization system, which contributes to the homeostasis of gut microbiota, and reportedly synthesizes conjugated linoleic acid, which has immunomodulatory properties. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron can suppress inflammation in preclinical models of IBD. Other reports have also suggested that improvement in the diversity and composition of Bacteroidetes species is beneficial for UC. This was achieved by the successful transplantation of live Bacteroidetes cells from donors, with both short-term efficacy and long-term maintenance of treatment. Moreover, we found that a single session of FMT following triple-antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin, fosfomycin, and metronidazole) reduced the symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with UC. We previously reported that dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota resulting from UC primarily results from a reduction in the number of Bacteroidetes operational taxonomic units and species diversity, resulting in the hyperproliferation and hypoproliferation of particular species. FMT has been proposed as a form of microbial therapy for UC. Since changes in the microbiota can reflect disease activity, the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota may serve as a promising candidate biomarker for UC.įecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic approach that is used to restore normal intestinal microbiota function by transplanting fecal bacterial microbiota derived from a healthy donor. In patients with UC, the diversity and richness of their intestinal microbiota are reduced, resulting in dysbiosis and a significantly lower abundance of intestinal bacteria compared with that of healthy individuals. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease, represents a group of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders resulting from complex interactions among genetic, immunological, and environmental factors whose etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood. The loss of key species may exacerbate UC activity, serving as potential biomarkers.
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Five genes ( TARP, C10ORF54, ITGAE, TNFSF9, and LCN2) associated with UC pathogenesis were expressed by the 12 key species. The abundance of five Bacteroidetes species ( Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides rodentium, and Parabacteroides merdae) was correlated with three metrics, and their cumulative relative abundance was strongly correlated with the sum of Mayo endoscopic subscore (R = −0.71, p = 2 × 10 −9). In patients with UC, six Bacteroides species exhibited significantly lower relative abundance, and twelve Bacteroidetes species were found significantly correlated with at least one metric of disease activity.
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A multiplex gene expression assay using colonoscopy-harvested mucosal tissues determined the involvement of Bacteroidetes species in the mucosal immune response. Fecal samples from 34 healthy controls and 52 patients with active UC (Lichtiger’s clinical activity index ≥5 or Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥1) were subjected to next-generation sequencing with HSP60 as a target in bacterial metagenome analysis.
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We investigated the correlation between Bacteroidetes species abundance and UC activity. Fecal microbiota transplantation following triple-antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin/fosfomycin/metronidazole) improves dysbiosis caused by reduced Bacteroidetes diversity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).